What type of loads are classified as environmental forces?

Environmental forces refer to the loads that structures must withstand due to natural conditions and phenomena. These factors include elements such as wind, precipitation, temperature variations, and ice, which can all exert significant influence on the stability and durability of a structure.

In this context, the forces caused by water and ice are particularly relevant, as they encompass the effects of rain, flooding, snow accumulation, and ice formation. These forces can lead to additional stress on scaffolding and other structures, necessitating careful consideration during the design and construction phases to ensure safety and integrity.

The other options do not fall within the definition of environmental forces. Human weight pertains to live loads or applied loads, rather than environmental conditions. Forces caused by wind, while they are indeed a type of environmental load, are not inclusive of all environmental forces. Static loads due to heavy equipment also represent applied loads, which are distinct from those generated by natural environmental conditions.